Anti Marijuana Propaganda.
Trying to find more crap like this which was used as a pretext to incarcerate many Africans.
Imprisonment For Drug Crime.
See, William J. Chambliss....
Amazon.com: Power, Politics, and Crime: Books: Chambliss,William J. Chambliss
An Excerpt:
Drug arrests were the third most frequent category of arrests in 1992, behind larceny (1,504,500) and driving under the influence (1,624,500). Over two-thirds (68 per cent) of the drug arrests in 1992 were for possession and less than one-third (32 per cent) for the sale or manufacture of drugs. Marijuana arrests accounted for 32 per cent of the total, heroin and cocaine for 53 per cent; the remainder of the drug arrests were for synthetic or other "dangerous drugs."
In 1992, 58 per cent of the inmates in federal prisons and over 30 per cent of
state ]prisoners were sentenced for drug offenses. Approximately one-third of these are sentenced for marijuana and other drugs, two-thirds for heroin and cocaine: official reports make no distinction between these two but it is certain that the vast bulk of these arrests are for cocaine. Over 21 per cent of all federal prisoners are "low-level drug offenders" with no current or prior violent offenses on their records, no involvement in sophisticated criminal activity and no previous prison time. Austin and Irwin
See, United States v. Armstrong, 116 S.Ct.
An Excerpt:
The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and subsequent legislation established a regime
of extremely high penalties for the possession and distribution of so-called "crack"
cocaine. Those provisions treat one gram of crack as the equivalent of 100 grams of powder cocaine...These penalties result in sentences for crack offenders that
average three to eight times longer than sentences for comparable powder offenders... It is undisputed that the brunt of the elevated federal penalties falls heavily on blacks. While 65% of the persons who have used crack are white, in 1993 they represented only 4% of the federal offenders convicted of trafficking in crack. Eightyeight percent of such defendants were black. On myths about crack, see for example, Craig Reinarman and Harry G. Levine,
Alexander Cockburn and
Jeffrey St. Clair
Amazon.com: Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press: Books: Alexander Cockburn,Jeffrey St. Clair
An Excerpt Pages 71 and 72:
In 1930 a new department of the federal government, the Bureau of Narcotics and
Dangerous Drugs, was formed under the leadership of
Harry Anslinger to carry on the war against drug users. Anslinger, another racist, was an adroit publicist and became the prime shaper of American attitudes to drug addiction, hammering home his view that this was not a treatable addiction but one that could only be suppressed by harsh criminal sanctions. Anslinger's first major campaign was to criminalize the drug commonly known at the time as hemp. But Anslinger renamed it "marijuana" to associate it with Mexican laborers who, like the Chinese before them, were unwelcome competitors for scarce jobs in the Depression. Anslinger claimed that marijuana "can arouse in blacks and Hispanics a state of menacing fury or homicidal attack. During this period, addicts have perpetrated some of the most bizarre and fantastic offenses and sex crimes known to police annals." Anslinger linked marijuana with jazz and persecuted many black musicians, including Thelonius Monk, Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington. Louis Armstrong was also arrested on drug charges, and Anslinger made sure his name was smeared in the press. In Congress he testified that "coloreds with big lips lure white women with jazz and marijuana...." In 1951 Anslinger worked with Democrat Hale Boggs to marshal through Congress the first minimum mandatory sentences for drug possession.
Harry Anslinger, Father of the Drug War
The following are excerpts of Mr. Anslinger's testimony before a Senate hearing on marijuana in 1937:
- "There are 100,000 total marijuana smokers in the US, and most are Negroes, Hispanics, Filipinos, and entertainers. Their Satanic music, jazz, and swing, result from marijuana use. This marijuana causes white women to seek sexual relations with Negroes, entertainers, and any others."
- "...the primary reason to outlaw marijuana is its effect on the degenerate races."
- "Marijuana is an addictive drug which produces in its users insanity, criminality, and death."
- "You smoke a joint and you're likely to kill your brother."
- "Marijuana is the most violence-causing drug in the history of mankind."
See, Craig Reinarman and Harry G. Levine.
"Crack in Context: politics and media in the making of a drug scare"
Crack In America: Demon Drugs and Social Justice
Excerpt Pages 535 to 577
In the first two decades of the 20th century.... many corporate supporters of
prohibition argued that traditional working-class drinking interfered with the rhythms of the modern factory and thus with productivity and profits. To earlier fears of the barroom as a breeding ground of immorality was added the idea of the saloon as alien and subversive. Prohibitionists argued that saloons were where unions organized, where socialists and anarchists found new recruits. For the corporate and political elite, and for much of the old business middle class and the new professional middle class, clamping down on drinking and saloons was part of a much broader strategy of social control, a quest for "order..."
The first law against opium smoking in the U.S. was much more the result of anti-Chinese agitation in California in the 1870s than it was of troublesome opium smoking. Chinese immigrants had been brought in as "coolies" to help build the
railroad and work the mines. Many brought the practice of opium smoking with them. But when the railroad was completed and the gold ran out, recession set in. White workers found themselves competing with lower-paid Chinese workers for scarce jobs and viewed the Chinese as an economic threat. The campaign against smoking opium (but not against other, non-Chinese uses of opiates) included lurid newspaper accusations of Chinese men drugging white women into sexual slavery.... Broader political and racial issues were also factors in the earliest cocaine scare, which led to the first federal drug law, the Harrison Act of 1914. Just as the current scare blossomed only after the practice of cocaine smoking spread to lower-class, inner.